INDEX NEXT UP PREVIOUS ATG Quarks Quarks


Quarks were proposed in 1960 when it became apparent that Hadrons are not elementary particles but are themselves made of particles called Quarks. With Quarks we introduce a new property Colour. Quarks cannot really have colour as they are smaller than any visible wavelength of light. Rather the term Colour is used to account for observations of empirical nuclear studies using particle accelerators. Baryons are three Quarks whose Colours add up to White such as Red, Green and Blue. Each Quark has an Anti-Quarks with identical mass but opposite charge. Anti-Quarks are considered Anti-Red (Cyan), Anti-Green (Magenta) and Anti-Blue (Yellow). Mesons are a Quark and Anti-Quark Pair. Gluons contain Quarks with mixed Colours. Thus Force exchange is modelled as Colour change. The exchange of particles called gluons in the nucleus accounts for the binding force. For example, consider within a Baryon, a Blue Quark emits a Blue-Anti-Green Gluon and turns Green. The Gluon is absorbed by the Green Quark which promptly turns Blue. Thus Colour is conserved. This study of Colour is called Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Theory.
B R G   R = Red     QCD     R = Anti-Red   = Cyan
 \|/    G = Green  Theory   G = Anti-Green = Magenta
  W     B = Blue            B = Anti-Blue  = Yellow
 /|\    W = White = R + G + B = R + G + B (Baryons) 
G R B   W = White = R + R = B + B = G + G (Mesons)
Quarks
 _____________________________
|          |         |        |
| u = up   | charm   | top    |    Proton  = uud
|__________|_________|________|    Neutron = udd
|          |         |        |    
| d = down | strange | bottom |
|__________|_________|________|
leptons
 __________________________________________________
|                   |               |              |
| electron          | muon          | tau          | μ  = mu
|___________________|_______________|______________| π  = pi 
|                   |               |              | τ  = tau
| electron neutrino | muon neutrino | tau neutrino | ν  = nu  = neutrino
|___________________|_______________|______________|
[NS] {NR}


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