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Silicon is not a great conductor of electricity. In fact Silicon is a semiconductor which is great for making integrated circuits. Pathways for electrons are etched or "painted" onto thin wafers of Silicon. Optical lenses can be used to shrink the etching pattern to microscopic levels. The "paint" contains just enough "dopant" to increase the conductivity of the path. When pathways cross each other, they must be insulated or separated from each other which requires multiple layers of doping. The round posts are thickened areas where fine gold wires may be attached leading to other circuits. [NS] {SS}


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